William Gilmore Simms's Subject Timeline
Simms wrote on subjects over the span of western history. Entries on and additions to the sections of this timeline highlight subjects to which he gave particular attention. Those before 476 are scattered over ancient history. The medieval period extend from the fall of the Roman Empire to the expulsion of the Moors from Spain. The early modern period covers the Atlantic world, especially of the Spanish and French empires, from 1450 to the seventeenth century. The British colonial period overlaps in part but stretches to the eve of the American Revolution. The revolutionary era extends to the conclusion of the War of 1812 and is followed by the era of the early republic, antebellum period, then the Civil War and Reconstruction.
| 1250 BCE | Trojan War |
| 776 BCE | First Olympic Game |
| 753 BCE | Rome founded. |
| 750 BCE | Earliest estimate for recording of Homeric poems. |
| 510 BCE | Athenian democracy begins. |
| 497 BCE | Persian Wars with Greeks begin |
| 490 BCE | In Battle of Marathon, Athenians defeat the Persians. |
| 480 BCE | At Battle of Thermopylae, Spartans and their allies stall Persian advance. Then, at the Battle of Salamis, the Athenians and their naval allies defeat the Persian fleet. |
| 479 BCE | Greeks win over Persians at Battle of Plataea. |
| 461 BCE | First Peloponnesian War begins. |
| 458 BCE | Aeschylus's The Oresteia trilogy produced. |
| 431 BCE | Resumption of Peloponnesian War. Euripedes' Medea. |
| 430 BCE | Sophocles' Antigone. |
| 399 BCE | Trial and execution of Socrates. |
| 264 BCE | First Punic War. |
| 218 BCE | Start of Second Punic War. |
| 149 BCE | Start of third Punic War. |
| 44 BCE | Assasination of Julius Caesar. |
| 31 BCE | Augustus becomes first Roman emperor. |
| 70 | Capture of Jerusalem by Romans |
| 235 | Start of attacks on Rome by Germans, Goths, and Persians |
| 286 | Roman Empire split in two. |
| 312 | Constantine becomes Emperor and Christianizes Rome. |
| 476 | End of Western Roman Empire. |
| 634 | Arab conquest of parts of Byzantine Empire begins. |
| 711 | Moors invade Spain |
| 711 | King Roderick defeated |
| 718 | Pelayo founds kingdom of Asturias and begins the Reconquista by the Christians |
| 874 | Norse reach Iceland |
| 986 | Norse reach Greenland |
| 1000 | Approximate year that the Norse reach Newfoundland |
| 1066 | Norman conquest of England beginning with the Battle of Hastings |
| 1453 | Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks. |
| 1473 | Birth of Pierre Terrail LeVieux, signeur de Bayard |
| 1492 | The Reconquista ends with the defeat of the last Moorish bastion, the Kingdom of Granada |
| 1492 | Christopher Columbus sails to what would become known as the Americas |
| 1504 | Ponce de Leon crushes the Tainos on Hispaniola |
| 1505 | Ponce de Leon marries Leonora |
| 1508 | Ponce de Leon explores Puerto Rico, becoming governor the next year |
| 1511 | Balboa founds Darien |
| 1513 | Ponce de Leon sails to Florida |
| 1513 | Balboa becomes first European to see the Eastern Pacific |
| 1517 | Martin Luther composes his Ninety-Five Theses, launching the Reformation. |
| 1521 | Ponce de Leon organizes a colonization expedition to Florida and dies of a wound from a poisoned arrow |
| 1521 | Cortez conquers Mexico |
| 1534 | Henry VIII founds the Church of England by withdrawing from Roman Catholicism. |
| 1539 | As governor of Cuba, de Soto leads an expedition from Florida north to the Carolinas, then west across the Mississippi |
| 1562 | Huguenot settlement in future South Carolina fails |
| 1564 | French Huguenots establish Fort Caroline near present-day Jacksonville, FL |
| 1565 | The Spanish destroy the French colony at Fort Caroline |
| 1565 | Spanish found St. Augustine in Florida |
| 1566 | Spanish start twenty-one years of settlement activity in South Carolina |
| 1574 | Hernando de Soto arrives in Panama |
| 1579 | Sir Francis Drake lays claim to New Albion |
| 1580 | Birth of John Smith, later leader of the Jamestown Colony in VA |
| 1585 | Anglo-Spanish war |
| 1587 | English colony established on Roanoke Island |
| 1598 | Spanish reach northern part of present New Mexico |
| 1599 | Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell born |
| 1607 | English colony established at Jamestown in VA |
| 1616 | Dramatist and poet William Shakespeare dies |
| 1619 | House of Burgesses is elected and convenes for first time in Virginia |
| 1620 | Plymouth Colony established |
| 1630 | Puritans establish Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| 1642 | Start of English Civil War |
| 1585 | Anglo-Spanish war |
| 1587 | English colony established on Roanoke Island |
| 1598 | Spanish reach northern part of present New Mexico |
| 1599 | Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell born |
| 1607 | English colony established at Jamestown in VA |
| 1616 | Dramatist and poet William Shakespeare dies |
| 1619 | House of Burgesses is elected and convenes for first time in Virginia |
| 1620 | Plymouth Colony established |
| 1630 | Puritans establish Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| 1642 | Start of English Civil War |
| 1660 | Restoration of English monarchy |
| 1663 | Carolina granted to supporters of Charles II--the Lords Proprietors |
| 1670 | Lords Proprietors establish the colony of Carolina on the Ashley River near present-day Charleston |
| 1682 | LaSalle claims lower Mississippi Valley region for France |
| 1685 | Revocation of Edict of Nantes deprives French Protestants of right to practice their religion in France. Huguenot diaspora accelerates. |
| 1688 | Catholic King Jame II of England flees to France |
| 1689 | William & Mary become English monarchs |
| 1707 | England, Scotland, and Wales become United Kingdom of Great Britain. |
| 1711 | Tuscarora Indian War begins in North Carolina |
| 1715 | Yemassee Indian War begins in South Carolina |
| 1718 | Death of Blackbeard ends pirates' reign of terror in the Carolinas |
| 1732 | Conjectured birth year of Francis Marion, the Swamp Fox, revolutionary militia leader in SC |
| 1733 | James Oglethorpe leads in founding of Georgia |
| 1739 | Britain declares war on Spain, and hostilities erupt among Spanish and British colonists and their Native American allies in the southeast of the future United States. |
| 1742 | Nathanael Greene, revolutionary Continental Army general in SC born in New England |
| 1746 | Founding father Charles Cotesworth Pinckney born |
| 1754 | Start of French and Indian or Seven Years' War |
| 1765 | Stamp Act and Quartering Act lead to Stamp Act Congress |
| 1767 | Townshend Revenue Act |
| 1773 | Tea Act |
| 1774 | First Continental Congress |
| 1775 | Battles of Lexington and Concord and of Bunker Hill |
| 1775 | Siege of Ninety Six, SC, and the Snow Campaign in SC |
| 1776 | Cherokee War in the Carolina and Georgia upcountry |
| 1776 | Further battles in Cherokee war |
| 1776 | Failure of British attack on Sullivan's Island, north of Charles Twon |
| 1778 | British occupy Savannah at end of year |
| 1779 | Defeat of British at Port Royal, SC, of Loyalists at Kettle Creek, GA, of Patriots at Savannah, and inconclusive, bloody engagement at Stono River, SC |
| 1780 | British take Charles Town, defeat Patriots at Waxhaw Creek, SC, and at Camden. Loyalists defeated at Ramseur's Mill, NC, and British at King's Mountain, SC |
| 1781 | British defeated at Cowpens, SC, win at Hobkirk's Hill and Eutaw Springs, SC, and, at great price, at Guilford Courthouse, NC, and successfully defend Ninety Six, SC. Patriots take Fort Granby, SC, and Augusta, GA. |
| 1782 | Engagements at Videau's Bridge, Savannah River, Wambaw, Tidyman's Plantation, Dorchester, Dean Swamp, Combahee, Wadboo, Port royal Ferry, and John's Island,as well as Caper's Scout. British evacuate Savannah, GA, in July and Charles Town in December |
| 1793 | Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin |
| 1803 | End of Haitian Revolution |
| 1803 | Louisiana Purchase |
| 1804 | Lewis and Clark expedition to explore western America begins |
| 1807 | End of legal importation of slaves into America |
| 1814 | Roderick, The Last of the Goths, epic poem by Robert Southey |
| 1814 | Waverley, the first of Sir Walter Scott's Border Romances |
| 1815 | Napolean's "Hundred Day War" begins |
| 1815 | End of War of 1812 |
| 1819 | Ivanhoe, the first of Sir Walter Scott's Medieval Romances |
| 1821 | Mexico and neighboring countries proclaim independence from Spain |
| 1823 | The Pioneers, the first of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales |
| 1824 | Simms travels to the West to visit his father |
| 1825 | Simms apprenticing in the law office of Charles Rivers Carroll |
| 1825 | Monody, on the Death of Gen. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Simms's first published title, an epic |
| 10/19/1826 | Simms marries Anna Malcolm Giles |
| 1827 | Simms gains admittance to the Bar |
| 1827 | Simms appointed magistrate of Charleston |
| 1830 | July Revolution in France |
| 1832 | Simms visits New York, where he meets his future literary agent and lifelong friend James Lawson |
| 1835 | Texas Revolution begins |
| 1836 | Simms moves to the plantation known as Woodlands, owned by father-in-law |
| 1841 | US President Harrison dies; John Tyler takes office, becoming first Vice President to succeed to presidency |
| 1842 | Beauchampe, or, The Kentucky Tragedy: A Tale of Passion (later republished in two volumes: Charlemont and Beauchampe) |
| 1845 | Simms edits the Southern and Western (also known as "Simms's Magazine") |
| 1845 | The annexation of Texas is adopted by Congress |
| 1846 | US declares war on Mexico |
| 1849 | California Gold Rush begins |
| 1850 | Henry Clay begins debate on slavery, with warning to the South of secession |
| 1851 | Herman Melville publishes Moby Dick |
| 1852 | Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| 1853 | Republican party is formed in Michigan |
| 1853 | Tennyson publishes Charge of the Light Brigade |
| 1853 | Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden |
| 1855 | Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass |
| 1856 | Simms gives speeches in the North about pro-South Carolina and pro-southern views |
| 1857 | Supreme Court rules that a slave is not a citizen |
| 1860 | Simms supports the secessionist movement |
| 12/20/1860 | South Carolian secedes from the Union |
| 4/12/1861 | US Civil War begins |
| 1862 | Woodlands Plantation burns to the ground, but is rebuilt with help from friends and family |
| 1862 | Battle of Shiloh - Tennessee |
| 1862 | Second Battle of Bull Run - Virginia |
| 1862 | Battle of Antietam - Maryland |
| 10/20/1862 | Charles Caroll Simms, Simms's last child, born |
| 1863 | Simms's wife, Chevillette, dies |
| 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg - Pennsylvania |
| 6/12/1864 | William Gilmore Simms, Jr., Simms's eldest son, is wounded in battle |
| 11/13/1864 | Simms's most intimate friend, James Henry Hammond, dies |
| 11/15/1864 | General Sherman begins his "March to the Sea" |
| 1865 | Woodlands Plantation burns a second time |
| 1865 | Simms witnesses the burning of Columbia, SC |
| 1865 | Civil War ends |
| 1866 | Simms edits War Poetry of the South |
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